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Terms Secondary activities or Manufacturing: Changes of raw materials into products after value addition in order to make them more suitable for the purpose of use to people are termed as secondary activities or manufacturing. Industrial systems: Industrial systems consist of inputs, processes and outputs. Feeder industry: Feeder industry is the industry whose products are used as raw materials in other industries. Example: Iron and Steel Industry. Smelting: Smelting is the process in which, metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond their melting points. Example: Iron smelting, Copper smelting, Aluminium smelting. NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.1: Answer the following questions: (i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’? (ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry? (iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why? (iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai? (v) Wha...

BASIC Important Terms Density of Population: The number of persons living per unit area, say per square kilometer on the average is called Density of Population. Example - 324 persons per square kilometer in India (2001 census) Sex Ratio: The number of females per thousand of males is termed as sex ratio. Birth Rate: Birth Rate refers to live births per thousand of persons every year. Natural Growth Rate: The difference between birth rate and death rate of a country is known as Natural Growth Rate. Life Expectancy: Life expectancy is the number of years for which an average man expects to live. NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.1: (i) Why people are considered a resource? (ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world? (iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why? (iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change. (v) What is meant by population composition? (vi) What are population pyramids? How do they...

Short type Questions with their Answers Q.1: What is arable land? Ans: Arable land is the land on which crops are grown. Q.2: Enumerate the areas of nomadic herding. Ans: Arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts in India like - Rajasthan, J & K. Q.3: What are the livestock of nomadic herding? Ans: Yak, sheep, camel, and goats. Q.4: What is Commercial farming? Ans: Commercial farming is the type of farming in which crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market. Q.5: Explain Mixed farming. Ans: Mixed farming is that type of farming in which land is used for growing food crops, fodder crops and rearing of livestock. It is practiced in Europe, Eastern USA, Argentina, Southeast Australia, New Zealand and Africa. Q.6: Name the major agricultural crops. Ans:  Food crops: rice, wheat, millets and maize.  Fiber crops: jute & cotton.  Beverage crops: tea & coffee. Q.7: Which countries are known for rice & wheat productions? Ans: Rice Producing: China...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.3: Identify three differences in the city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad. Ans: Some major differences in the city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad are as follows: • New Delhi has no walls around the city while Shahjahanabad was a walled city. • New Delhi is a planned and uncongested city whereas Shahjahanabad was unplanned and much congested city. • New Delhi is spacious with broad and wide streets, sprawling bungalows whereas Shahjahanabad had crowded mohallas, winding lanes and Havellis. Q.4: Who lived in the “white” areas in cities such as Madras? Ans: In Madras, Bombay or Calcutta, the living spaces of Indian and the British were sharply separated. Indians lived in the “Black” areas while the British lived in the well laid out “White” areas. Fig: Image of Shahjahanabad in mid 19th century, The Illustrated London News, 16 January 1858 Q.5: What is meant by de-urbanization? Ans: For the sake of convenience of trade the ...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.1: What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British? Ans: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi wanted the company to recognize her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after the death of her husband. But the British refused to accept her adopted son as the ruler of Jhansi. By ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ introduced by Lord Dalhousie, if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would ‘lapse’ and such kingdom would be annexed by the British Empire. Q.2: What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity? Ans: In 1850, a new law was passed to make conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. Q.3: What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use? Ans: The new cartridges were covered with the wrapper made with the fat of cows and pigs. Before loadin...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.1: Fill in the blanks: a. The British described the tribal people as _______ and _______. b. The method of sowing seeds in Jhum cultivation is known as __________. c. The tribal chiefs got _________ titles in central India under the British land settlements. d. Tribals went to work in the _________ of Assam and the ______ in Bihar. Ans: a. wild, savage b. scattering c. land d. tea estates, coal mines. Fig: Women of the Dongria Kandha tribe in Orissa are seen wading through the river on the way to market. Q.2: State whether True or False: a) Jhum cultivators plough the land and sow seeds. b) Cocoons were bought from Santhals and sold by the traders at five times the purchase price. c) Birsa urged his followers to purify themselves, g ive up drinking liquor and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery. d) The British wanted to preserve the tribal way of life. Ans: a) False b) True c) True d) False. Q.3: What problems did shifting culti...

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Farman: A royal edict or royal order which has been issued by the king or emperor. Qazi: A judge in the Mughal period for Mughals. During the British period also the criminal courts were under a Qazi and a Mufti. Mufti: A jurist of Muslim community who is responsible for expounding the law that the Qazi would administer. Dharmashastras: Sanskrit texts which prescribe social rules and codes of behavior composed from C (Century) 500 BCE (before Christ Era) onwards. NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important only) Q.1: Match the following: (1) Diwani (a) Tipu Sultan (2) “Tiger of Mysore” (b) Right to Collect Land Revenue (3) Faujdari Adalat (c) Sepoy (4) Rani Channamma (d) Criminal Court (5) Sipahi (e) Led an anti British Movement in Kitoor Ans: (1)-b (2)-a (3)-d (4)-e (5)-c Q.2: Fill in the blanks: a) The British conquest in began with the battle of ________. b) Haidar Ali & Tipu Sultan were the rulers of _________. c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of _________. d) Maratha kin...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions Q.1: State whether true or false: a) James Mill divided Indian History into three periods- Hindu, Muslim, Christian. (false) b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think. (false) c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration. (true) Q.2: What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian History that James Mill offers? Ans: In 1817, James Mill, a Scottish Economist and Political Philosopher, published a book: A History of British India, in which he divided Indian History into three periods - Hindu, Muslim and British. According to Mill before British came to India, Hindu & Muslim despots ruled this country. He said that religious intolerance, caste taboos and superstitious practices dominated social life. He also felt that without British help India would have never progressed. But Mill’s conception of dividing Indian History on the basis of religion has many flaws and so, is not accep...

Important Points => When a single parent is involved in reproduction, then it is called Asexual Reproduction. => Reproductive organs in males and females are different. In females reproductive organs are ovaries, oviduct and uterus. => Ovaries produce female gamete called Ovum and male gamete called Sperms are produced by Testes. => Ovum and Sperm fuse to form egg called Zygote. The process of fusion of ovum and sperm is called Fertilization. => Embryo is formed from the zygote by repeated divisions, which grows in the uterus of the female in case of internal fertilization. Embryo grows into foetus when it gets into well developed limbs. NCERT (CBSE) Textbook Exercise Solved Q.1: Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms. Ans: Reproduction is very important for the organisms. The organisms reproduce to produce young ones like them. It helps to carry on their generation. If reproduction does not take place, no living being will survive on the earth. Had the proc...

NCERT/CBSE Textbook Exercise Important Questions Only Q.1: Indicate True(T) or False(F) a. Unicellular organisms have one-celled body. b. Muscle cells are branched structures. c. The basic living structure of an organism is an organ. d. Amoeba has irregular shape. Ans: a)T b)T (spindle shaped structures) c)F d)T. Q.2: Make a sketch of the human nerve dell. What function do nerve cells perform? Ans: Functions of human nerve cell: (i) Nerve cells receive message from different parts of body. (ii) They further transfer these messages to brain and accordingly brain send commands for functioning of different organs of body. Q.3: Write short notes on the following: (a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleus of a cell Ans: (a) Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance which is present between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Various other organelles of cells are present in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is made up of chemical substances like carbohydrates, proteins and water. These chemical substances are pr...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important Only) Q.1: Fill in the blanks: a) Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of _____, _____ and ______. b) The passage of an electric current through a solution causes ____ effect. c) If you pass current through copper sulphate solution, copper gets deposited on the plate connected to the _____ terminal of the battery. d) The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another metallic object, by means of electricity, is called _______. Ans: (a) acids, bases, salt (b) chemical (c) negative (d) electroplating. Q.2: When the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution the magnetic needle shows deflection. Can you explain the reason? Ans: Electric current produces magnetic effect which causes deflection of the magnetic needle of a compass. So, when the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution which is a good conductor of electricity, the needle shows deflection. Q.4: The bulb does not glow in the set-up shown in...

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important Only) Q.1: Fill in the blanks: a) Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of _____, _____ and ______. b) The passage of an electric current through a solution causes ____ effect. c) If you pass current through copper sulphate solution, copper gets deposited on the plate connected to the _____ terminal of the battery. d) The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another metallic object, by means of electricity, is called _______. Ans: (a) acids, bases, salt (b) chemical (c) negative (d) electroplating. Q.2: When the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution the magnetic needle shows deflection. Can you explain the reason? Ans: Electric current produces magnetic effect which causes deflection of the magnetic needle of a compass. So, when the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution which is a good conductor of electricity, the needle shows deflection. Q.4: The bulb does not glow in the set-up shown in...

Key words Calorific Value The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its Calorific value, expressed in terms of kJ/kg. Ignition Temperature It is the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance can easily catch fire. Inflammable substances have very low ignition temperature. NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions (Important Only) Q.1: List the conditions under which combustion can take place. Ans: Following conditions are necessary for combustion - (i) The substance has to be combustible (ii) It should have low ignition temperature (iii) There should be adequate supply of air. Q.2: Fill in the blanks - a) Burning of wood and coal causes ______ of air. b) A liquid fuel, used in home is _______. c) Fuel must be heated to its ________ before it starts burning. d) Fire produced by oil can not be controlled by _________. Ans: (a) pollution (b) kerosene (c) ignition temperature (d) water. Q.3: Explain how the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced...